Emergence

Conway's Game of Life

Conway's Game of Life is a discrete mathematical model on a two-dimensional grid. Each cell is either alive or dead, and time advances in fixed ticks. On each tick, a dead cell is born with exactly 3 live neighbours, and a live cell survives with 2 or 3 live neighbours. This is the classic B3/S23 rule.

Try the simulation below ↓

Scientific interest

The update rule uses only a cell's current state and its eight live neighbours. Given the same starting grid, it produces the same sequence without randomness. That sequence can still be hard to predict without running it. Try R-pentomino ↓.

Local interactions produce stable structures, oscillators, moving patterns, and long transients, with outcomes sensitive to the initial conditions. This makes the model useful for studying how complexity can arise without central control. See canonical patterns ↓.

Press play to start. Selecting a seed stops and resets the simulation. The simulation is deterministic.